Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multiple Sclerosis - Research Paper Example Consequently, there is no defined medication to cure the disorder (Courtney, 2006). However, various treatments are available to lessen its severity and slow down its progression. This paper will describe the statistics on the disease, a summary of the disease and resources available to manage it. Statistics on Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is diagnosed in individuals aged between 20 and 40 years. Although it is not possible to determine the actual number of individuals affected by the disease, it is estimated that there are about 2.1 million people affected by the disease globally (Trisolini, et al., 2010; Courtney, 2006). In a study conducted by the World Health Organization and Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) to determine the prevalence of the disease in 122 countries globally, it was found out that the median prevalence is 30 persons in every 100,000 (Trisolini et al., 2010). In US, it is estimated that the number of people affected by MS stands at between 250,000 and 350,000. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 200 cases are diagnosed every week (Trisolini et al., 2010). Other countries with high MS prevalence as found in the study are shown in the table below. Table I showing prevalence of MS in different countries Country Prevalence of MS per 100,000 persons Hungary 176 Slovenia 150 Germany 149 US 135 Canada 133 Czech Republic 130 Norway 125 Denmark 122 Poland 120 Cyprus 110 Source (Trisolini et al., 2010) Overview of the disease MS is not contagious and researchers have also ruled out the possibility of one directly inheriting the disease. However, there are various factors thought to play a role in the disease. This include one’s gender where women get affected by the disease twice as much as their male counterparts. Additionally, an individual’s age may come to play in the disease considering most diagnoses are done on persons aged 20 to 50 (Carroll, 2010). The ethnic background of a person is also a c ritical factor where there are more Caucasians than whites affected by the disease. MS is a rare among some ethnic groups such as among Japanese and has never been identified among Africans, Eskimos, Blacks, Inuits and Aborigines. The further the people are from the equator, cold climate and latitude are risk factors in occurrence of MS (Carroll, 2010). MS is a central nervous system disease, which comprises the spinal cord and the brain. The disorder causes damage to a protective insulation called myelin which surrounds nerves referred to as axons (Calabresi, 2007). The damage may also extend to the nerves and CNS as a whole. The resulting effects are that messages from the spinal cord and brain could short circuit thereby leading to reduced or lost functioning of the body (Carroll, 2010). A majority of researchers describe MS as an autoimmune disease where white blood cells get misguided and instead of fighting disease causing organisms, they attack body cells (Courtney, 2006). Th is attack leads to CNS inflammation and could damage myelin and eventually injuring the nerves. The areas which experience inflammation are referred as active lesions and plaques refer to scar tissue where myelin gets destroyed. The number, size, and location of plaques and lesions determine the form and severity of the signs (Rolak, 2001). In deep the disease got its name from a discovery of many plaques and sclerosis describes scars. Common symptoms of MS include fatigue, visual disorder, numbness, dizziness, tremor

How Does War Affect The United States National Debt and Economy

How Does War Affect The United States National Debt and Economy Since the establishment of the colonies, that later became the United States, we have experienced the various influences that war has had on the national debt, economy, and more importantly, on individual lives. Before, national debt could be paid out gradually, it now increases with every second and is $12.4 trillion and rising. The effects can be clearly seen throughout American history, especially in times of war. The national debt is monitored by the U.S. treasury and its financial departments. It is predominantly made up of corporate and government stocks and bonds, T-bills, and notes, which are also referred to as securities. The trading of securities to raise money for infrastructures, developments, benefit programs, and also for the purpose of financing the wars that we can recall, such as the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and World Wars I and II, has brought us through periods of economic boom and depression, during and following these wars. War bonds were the main securities issued by the government to pay for military operations. War bonds raise capital for the government and make the general population feel involved for a national and a military cause. This system was useful as a means of controlling inflation, which is an increase in the supplies of money in the marketplace relative to its demand, especially in a wartime overstimulated economy by removing the money from its circulation until the war is over. The government issues war bonds that have a yield which is the interest payment on the bond sold that is often below the value of many bonds found in the marketplace, which made it attractive and affordable to all citizens. The Revolutionary War began as colonists protested the high taxes that colonial Britain imposed on the colonies and the profits they amassed through the practice of mercantilism without fair share. Once the war began, the British blocked the seas that interrupted trade and made goods more expensive. Further, inflation occurred as the Continental government continued to print currency, backed only by the guarantee of Congress and the States behind it. Congress also funded the war with loans from Britains competitors, such as France, the Netherlands, and Spain to purchase arms and supplies. The continental government also used domestic sources by selling bonds to individuals at a low and competitive interest rate. People such as Robert Morris and Haym Salomon took money out of their personal funds to finance the revolutionary effort as a form of patriotism. When the colonies won the war, high taxes and other limits on trade and industry ended. The new Americans could build new industri es and expand in the West. Britain was no longer a trade partner with the new country, agricultural prices fell, and there were high unemployment rates. The war ended with the U.S. accumulating $37 million of debt on the national level and the value of the dollar quickly declined as a result of inflation. These problems were later solved when Alexander Hamilton established the First Bank of the United States. The First Bank unified the nation by creating a national bank instead of separate ones for each colony, ran an excise tax which taxed imported goods, and established financial order in the United States and credit for itself within the country and overseas. The Bank would be prohibited from purchasing government bonds and issuing notes beyond its supply of capital. Before and during the Civil War, the North and South had their own reliable industries. The North was home to many factories which produced manufactured goods such as guns, bullets, cannons, boots, and uniforms. It had four times as many free citizens than the South. More than 70% of the countrys rail lines ran throughout the North. They even benefited from a strong navy and fleet of ships. The South was underdeveloped in its industry and had several economic weaknesses, such as financial and political problems and few forms of transportation. They also had a small population of about 9 million citizens, therefore, fewer soldiers to prepare for the war. Nevertheless, the South maintained strong agriculture, cotton mills and textiles products. Much of the success they gained was built on the labor of slaves. The two sides had many disagreements and threats to leave the Union ultimately led to the Civil War. Despite advantages in the war, the North needed money. They issued a massive bond measure asking its citizens and financial institutions to purchase bonds to support the war. This effort did not raise the capital needed, so the government started to print paper money, which were called greenbacks. They were backed by gold and later bonds which the government guaranteed. The increase of greenbacks in the economy caused inflation to rise and was worth as much as a third less than its intrinsic value. The government, as a means to stabilize the rapid rise of inflation, raised the interest rate and made everyone accept it for goods and services, or legal tender for all debts public and private, as stated by the Department of Treasury ustreas.gov. The government also introduced its first income tax in 1862 to find more ways of gathering money and established the Bureau of Internal Revenue, later known as the IRS. The Union never dealt with an inflation rate of more than 80%. The South was even more desperate for money as its trade was cut off by the North and its banking system lost. They resorted to printing more money which was backed by their low reserves of gold. The South could not collect taxes because it was forbidden in its Confederate Constitution. The Confederacy was on the verge of bankruptcy and in 1864 it levied its first income tax. Nevertheless, the damage was already done with too much supply of money in the market and high inflation rates rose to as much as 9,000%. The South could not manage its short supply of food and ammunition, thus, many of its citizens starved. Robert E. Lee, Confederate general, realized this and withdrew from the war by surrendering for the Confederacy. During the Civil War, the national debt was $65 million in 1860 and surpassed $1 billion in 1863. This amount gradually decreased after the end of the war. Before World War I began, the United States was in recession. During the war, the United States became involved, and its economy thrived on trade with Europeans producing war goods, and maintaining a neutral status that strengthened their economy. The U.S. entered the war three years later as a result of instigation from the Central Powers, threats to trade with their allies, and a sense of separation in the United States as of whether to be involved in the war. Entering the war in 1917 advanced our total debt to about $22 billion and increased federal spending to a total that would later amount to $112 billion; however, the U.S. enjoyed many benefits such as its competitive position in the world, agricultural boom, profit for many companies, and a decrease in the unemployment rate. Its success led the way for abundance in the Roaring 20s. For example, new technologies such as mass production automobiles, moving pictures, and radios became an indispensable part of American homes. The Great Depression of the early 1930s devastated our country and even the world. It caused personal incomes, tax revenue, profits, and prices to drop and international trade plunged by 50% to 65%. The recovery from this economic depression was caused by World War II. It tremendously boosted the U.S. economy as we began to produce weapons, uniforms, and other supplies for war. It created jobs and increased wages throughout society. Much of our production was shipped overseas. Americans soon spent their money on things such as newspapers, movies, and entertainment. The War Advertising Council was formed and held more than 100 campaigns to sell war bonds, donate blood, conserve food, and enroll enlisters. Involvement in World War II and social programs during the presidencies of Franklin Roosevelt and Truman caused a sixteenfold increase in the total war debt, amounting from $16 billion in 1930 to $260 billion in 1950. In conclusion, we can see the effect that money supply and war have on the United States national debt. It has caused dramatic decline and exponential growth in the economy during and following wartime. We have seen the effects of inflation and the outcome of the many battles from the Revolutionary War to the Civil War to our great World Wars. The national debt is a concern not only to the government, but also to its citizens. When the government debts increase, they use taxpayers money to handle the increasing costs in the economy. Some consequences are higher individual taxes, reduced benefits and programs, higher interest rates, and a weak dollar, which ultimately reduces the individual purchasing power and increases inflation.

Suicide :: essays research papers

Wrong and Even Scary Certain people believe that life is not valuable. Although they may not admit this as being true it is evident through their behavior. They admit it through behavior such as believing that it is acceptable to decide one others fate. To believe that it is satisfactory for one human being to decide if another human being should live or die is wrong and even scary. Doctors should not be legally able to assist terminally ill patients to commit suicide. The most precious gift that God has given human beings is the gift of life. Even with this being true people abuse this gift everyday. They abuse this gift in many ways. One way is by attempting to play the role of God. People who assist in deciding one others fate also believe that they are God. This may sound strange but it 100% true. Human beings who assist terminally ill patients to commit suicide believe that they are God. People who believe that it is justifiable for doctors to assist terminally ill patients comm it suicide believe that is acceptable for others to play the role of God. Both of these types of Lee, 2 people are equally wrong. Both of these people's beliefs are also disgusting. There is no way that any human being should be allowed to decide when another human beings time to die is. Terminally ill patients are not exactly thinking 100% correctly during their illness. Some are just not thinking at all. Being terminally ill would be a very dramatic period in anyone's life. So this being said when patient who knows that they are going to die asks another human being to aid them to commit suicide they are not thinking straight. They might believe in their own mind that this is what they want but in reality if they were thinking straight they would not want this at all. This can be proven as well. If one were to ask another when they were perfectly healthy if that they ever became terminally ill if they would like to commit suicide the answer would be no. But yet if that same person were to become terminally ill they might want the exact opposite.

Touching Essays

Idiom| Explanation + Example | 1)| Don't give up the day job. | You are not very good at that. You could definitely not do it professionally. â€Å"I really like the way you sing, but don't give up your day job. | 2)| Cash cow. | An easy way to earn money regularly. â€Å"Income tax is a real cash cow for the government. † | 3)| Bite off more than you can chew. | Trying to do something that is too difficult or time consuming to finish. â€Å"I'm glad you want to prepare the report by yourself. Just be sure that you don't bite off more than you can chew. † | 4)| Clear the air| Discuss something that was causing people to feel upset. There seems to have been a misunderstanding. I'd like to explain what happened, just to clear the air. † | 5)| Turn your back on| Give up on, or abandon. â€Å"I needed your help but you just turned your back on me† | 6)| Not cut out for| Not suitable for something. â€Å"He tried mountain climbing, but he simply was not cut ou t for it. † | 7)| Scrape the bottom of the barrel| The very last, or the very worst. â€Å"These are the last volunteers we could find. We really had to scrape the bottom of the barrel to find them. † | 8)| A class act| Sophisticated, above average. â€Å"He offered to help, even though he doesn't know me.He's a real class act. † | 9)| Clean up your act| Improve your behavior. â€Å"If you are ever going to improve your English skills, you must start getting in to class on time and doing your homework. Why don't you clean up your act? † | 10)| Get your act together| Get more organized. â€Å"You have been late for work every day this week. If you want to keep this job, you must get your act together. † | 11)| A piece of the action| Participation in an activity. â€Å"I heard that you are looking for partners in your new investment. If you don't mind, I would like to get in on a piece of the action. † | 12)| Actions speak louder than words. Pe ople's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say. â€Å"Why don't you give her a hug instead of saying you are sorry, actions speak louder than words. † | 13)| In the air| Being discussed, generally obvious. â€Å"The days are getting longer and the flowers are blooming. Spring is in the air. † | 14)| Go ape| Go crazy. â€Å"Jack was really angry. I thought he was going to go ape. † | 15)| A grey area| Something that is difficult to define. â€Å"I researched your case, but there are not any black and white answers. Your situation seems to fall into a grey area. † | 16)| Up in arms| Angry. The crows was agitated. Everyone was up in arms over the government decision. † | 17)| Be glad to see the back of| Be happy when a person leaves. â€Å"That guy bothers me, I'll be glad to see the back of him. † | 18)| Give him/her credit| Acknowledge an achievement or contribution of a person. â€Å"Although he is not easy to work for, you have to give him credit for managing the company well. † | 19)| Go behind someone's back| Do something without telling someone. â€Å"Don't trust Jane. She acts friendly but she's always going behind someone's back. † | 20)| Each to his own| Everyone is entitled to his own individual opinion. I can't say that I like George's new furniture. It seems very plain and uncomfortable. Oh well, each to his own. † | 21)| Eager beaver| Enthusiastic person. â€Å"John did all of his homework before supper. He sure is an eager beaver. † | 22)| Early bird| A person who is early, or gets up early. â€Å"Dave was in class 30 minutes before anyone else. What an early bird. † | 23)| Scratch the surface| Examine only a part of something. Uncover only a few facts about something â€Å"Cancer research is a very long-term process. So far, we have just begun to scratch the surface. † | 24)| Give him the slip| Leave him.Hide from him. â€Å"I think that m an is following us. Let's give him the slip. † | 25)| Cold shoulder| To treat someone in an unfriendly manner. â€Å"I don't think Jim likes me. I tried to speak with him but he gave me the cold shoulder. † | 26)| Get the ball rolling| Start something. â€Å"All right everyone, we spent a lot of time planning this project. Now, it's time to get the ball rolling. † | 27)| Jump on the bandwagon| Join a popular trend or activity. â€Å"I like that new procedure and I've decided to jump on the bandwagon. † | 28)| A losing battle| Something that cannot be accomplished. I've tried fixing this phone many times, I just can't do it by myself. It's a losing battle. † | 29)| Keep something at bay| Keep something away. â€Å"Sarah found it difficult to keep the salesperson at bay. † | 30)| Spill the beans| Tell a secret. â€Å"I won't be the one to spill the beans. † | 31)| Beggars can't be choosers| People cannot complain about something they get for free. â€Å"I don't like the color of the sweater she gave me, but beggars can't be choosers. † | 32)| Flesh and blood| A relative. â€Å"I must help him. After all, he's my own flesh and blood. † | 33)| Give the benefit of the doubt| Believe someone's statement, without proof. The teacher's explanation did not seem logical, but I gave her the benefit of the doubt. † | 34)| A safe bet| Probably true. Will probably happen. â€Å"It's a safe bet that your English skills improve quickly if you study at Elanguest. † | 35)| Fit the bill| Seems correct. â€Å"That seems to fit the bill. I'll take it. † | 36)| Black and blue| Bruised. â€Å"He was beaten until he was black and blue. † | 37)| In cold blood| With no compassion or mercy. Usually associated with ruthless murder. â€Å"The assassin was evil. He killed him in cold blood. † | 38)| Out of the blue| Unexpected. â€Å"A great idea just came to me out of the blue. † | 9)| Cal l someone's bluff| Make someone prove what they say. â€Å"He implied that he would terminate my contract, but I called his bluff. † | 40)| Rock the boat| Create problems for other people. Everyone likes Anthony. He doesn't rock the boat. † | 41)| By the book| Doing something according to rules. â€Å"He's a good cop. He does everything by the book. † | 42)| Give someone the boot| Dismiss or get rid of someone. â€Å"Mr. Smith is an easy boss to work for. He doesn't like to give someone the boot. † | 43)| Get to the bottom of| Learn about and understand fully. â€Å"We are not sure what happened, but we intend to get to the bottom of this. | 44)| Out of bounds| Not permitted. â€Å"Hans wanted to ask Mary out on a date, but I explained that she is out of bounds. Mary is engaged to Jack. † | 45)| Bread and butter| Regular income. â€Å"We are very dependent on our advertising revenue. It's our bread and butter. † | 46)| The best thing since s liced bread| A good invention or innovation. â€Å"I love this paper folding machine. It's the best thing since sliced bread. † | 47)| Give me a break| Don't expect me to believe or agree with that. â€Å"You think the teacher is joking? Give me a break. † | 48)| Don't hold your breath| Don't wait too long because it might not happen. Yes, it's possible that they will lower taxes, but don't hold your breath. † | 49)| Cross that bridge when you come to it| Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary, not before. â€Å"I'm not too wirried about a possible downturn in the economy. Anyway, let's cross that bridge when we come to it. † | 50)| The bubble has burst| A previously positive situation has encountered a serious problem. â€Å"Last year, the stock market was doing very well. Unfortunately, it seems that the bubble has burst. † | 51)| The buck stops here| Problems are resloved here. â€Å"A lot of people try to pass problems to other pe ople.At my desk, however, the buck stops here. † | 52)| Burn your bridges| make it impossible to return. â€Å"Be polite when you hand in your resignation. After all, you don't want to burn your bridges. † | 53)| My ears are burning| I think someone is saying something about me. â€Å"Pierre is talking again. My ears are burning. † | 54)| Put on the back burner| Leave it for later. â€Å"I don't think we'll have time to complete it this year. Let's put it on the back burner. † | 55)| Someone means business| Someone is serious â€Å"Watch out for Harry. He's someone who means business. † | 56)| At the touch of a button| Quickly and easily. â€Å"No problem.I can change your account information at the touch a button. † | 57)| Have your cake and eat it| Enjoy something without paying for it. â€Å"He expected to pass without studying. Unfortunately, you cannot have your cake and eat it, too. † | 58)| A close call| Something (usually bad) almost happening. â€Å"That car almost hit us. That was a close call. † | 59)| Enough is enough| This should stop. â€Å"I have listened to his complaints for years but enough is enough. † | 60)| A fat cat| A wealthy person. â€Å"He has everything he needs. He's a real fat cat. † | 61)| My two cents worth| My humble opinion. â€Å"He seems like a corrupt politician.That's just my two cent's worth. † | 62)| Hang out| Be together, spend time with each other. â€Å"Hey Lauren, let's get together tonight, we can just hang out and practice our English. † | 63)| A change of heart| A changed opinion. â€Å"At one time, I supported George Bush. As time went on, however, I had a change of heart. † | 64)| Get something off your chest| Explain something that is bothering you. â€Å"Gary, you don't seem happy. Is there something you would like to get off your chest? † | 65)| Don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched| Don't make pla ns for something that might not happen. Yes, I think we will probably get a raise in pay this year. Remember, though, don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched. † | 66)| A chip on his shoulder| He is angry about something. â€Å"I don't know why he's so unhappy. He seems to have a chip on his shoulder. † | 67)| Come full circle| A process has been completed. â€Å"The salmon has returned to the place where it originally hatched. Its life cycle has come full circle. † | 68)| Squeaky clean| Legitimate and proper. â€Å"We checked all of her references. She's squeaky clean. † | 69)| In the clear| Out of trouble. â€Å"His innocence has been proven. He's in the clear. | 70)| Steer clear of| Avoid. â€Å"She's not very nice. I think we should steer clear of her. † | 71)| Round the clock| All day. â€Å"She's a very hard worker. She usually works around the clock. † | 72)| Turn back the clock| Go back in time. â€Å"I feel old. I wis h I could turn back the clock. † | 73)| Like clockwork| With mechanical efficiency. â€Å"He's very predictable. He always eats at the same time, like clockwork. † | 74)| Wake up and smell the coffee| Think more realistically. â€Å"He doesn not respect you as much as you think. Wake up and smell the coffee. † | 75)| The other side of the coin| Another version of a story or event. The global summit will encourage meaningfull dialogue. On the other side of the coin, it might result in violent protests. † | 76)| Left out in the cold| Left unaided or unprotected. â€Å"They don't include me in their group. I feel left out in the cold. † | 77)| With flying colors| With enthusiasm and exuberance. â€Å"I can't wait to see you all. I'll be there with flying colors. † | 78)| Scrape by| Have just enough but not more. â€Å"Our budget is not satisfactory but we will find a way to scrape by. † | 79)| A tough cookie| A stubborn, strong person. â⠂¬Å"Don't get Shirley upset. She's a tough cookie. † | 80)| Keep your cool| Don't become upset. Relax, keep your cool. † | 81)| Lose your cool| Become upset. â€Å"Don't get upset. If you lose your cool, it will make matters worse. † | 82)| In a tight corner| Without any good options. â€Å"Milo has run out of options. If he takes any more chance, he might find himself in a tight corner. † | 83)| A couch potato| A lazy person. â€Å"Luis just watches tv all day. He really is a couch potato. † | 84)| Takes its course| A situation develops naturally. â€Å"There is nothing we can do to relieve the effects of her disease. We can only wait and let the illness take its course. † | 85)| Up the creek| In trouble. â€Å"I warned Bill but he would not listen.Now, he's up the creek. † | 86)| Crocodile tears| Exaggerated or faked sympathy. â€Å"She told me she was sorry but she was not, it was just crocodile tears. † | 87)| When it comes t o the crunch| When there are no more possibilities. â€Å"Victor seems to have a casual point of view. When it comes to the crunch, though, he is a real professional. † | 88)| A far cry from| Very different from. â€Å"His personality is a far cry from his father's. † | 89)| Off-the-cuff| Without research, planning, or considering. â€Å"I haven't had the time to think about it. My off-the-cuff impression, however, is that it is a good idea. | 90)| Can't cut it| Cannot do it. â€Å"Kim shouldn't be working here. She just can't cut it. † | 91)| In the dark| Ignorant. â€Å"They didn't tell me anything. I felt like they had left me in the dark. † | 92)| A shot in the dark| A guess. â€Å"I'm not sure but I could take a shot in the dark. † | 93)| Call it a day| Stop. â€Å"I'm tired. Let's call it a day. † | 94)| Late in the day| (Almost) too late. â€Å"The government just decided to buy new helicopters, but it seems a little late in the day to make such a decision. † | 95)| In broad daylight| Without trying to hide it. â€Å"They robbed the bank in broad daylight. † | 6)| Makes someone's day| Make someone happy. â€Å"Your letter made my day! † | 97)| Wouldn't be caught dead| Would never. â€Å"I hate that dress. I wouldn't be caught dead wearing it. † | 98)| Get a raw deal| Receives less than what is deserved. â€Å"Be sure to read the contract carefully before you sign it. You don't want to get a raw deal. † | 99)| Runs deep| Entrenched, or ingrained. â€Å"He loves his country. Patriotism runs deep in his veins. † | 100)| Out of your depth| Beyond your existing knowledge or ability. You don't seem to have much experience in this subject. Are you sure you're not out of your depth? † | |

Belonging: An Individual’s Interaction with Others

Social interaction is an essential part of any relationship; it is the determining factor for one’s perceptions of the society around them and their own identity. Relationships are initially built upon mutual interests and acceptance and this is closely linked with one’s innate desire to be able to affiliate with a group or another individual. Both these ideas are explored in the ‘Namesake’ by Jhumpa Lahiri and the picture book: ‘The Lost Thing’ by Shaun Tan. Lahiri explores the importance of shared values and experiences in a relationship for it to prosper rather than the need for social interaction. This notion is shown through the relationship Ashoke and Ashima forge throughout their life. Despite having an arranged marriage, without having known each other beforehand, Ashoke and Ashima form a powerful emotional bond during their married life. Throughout the book, the interaction between Ashima and Ashoke is somewhat limited in speech but their bond is shown through emotive passages instead. An example of this is when Ashima tries on Ashoke’s shoes; this action is a symbolic harbinger of how well they both ‘fit’ together over the years. Furthermore, the quote: â€Å"Eight thousand miles away in Cambridge she has come to know him† illustrates how the challenges of being migrants together and the mutual experiences in America and in India serve to strengthen their conjugal ties. Their relationship, hence, is an intuitive one instead of one where verbal communication is needed. The ostracism experienced by one unable to interact with others is shown in ‘The Lost Thing’ by Shaun Tan. The lost thing is an anomalous creature in a bureaucratic society searching for a place to fit in. However wherever it goes, it is met with an apathetic attitude from the citizens. The citizens of this society are so innately obsessed with practical outcomes that they have lost all sense of creativity and even conversation for the sake of conversation. Tan illustrates the austerity of this world by depicting it with rigid angles and an overall sepia tone. However one boy forms a relationship with the lost thing out of pity and tries to find its home. The boy provides food, shelter and care to the lost thing and these simple actions fuel their temporary feelings of belonging. Their relationship is encouraged by the need to fulfill an action; in this case-finding the lost thing its home. The brevity of their relationship is highlighted by the abrupt separation of the two: â€Å"It seemed as good a time as any to say goodbye to each other. So we did. † The objective language and the truncated sentence demonstrate the brief and conditional nature of their bond. Once the condition was fulfilled, the need to belong was abated. This shows the necessity of interaction in creating a sense of belonging; had the citizens of the society acknowledged the presence of the lost thing, the lost thing may have remained there. Lahiri also goes on to demonstrate how social interaction can lead to one’s compromise of their identity. Gogol is a prime example of this; as a child of migrants, Gogol is confronted by two different cultures and feels he must be one or the other. As Gogol’s relationship with Maxine develops, we see him conform to Maxine’s standards, hiding his Bengali identity: â€Å"She is surprised to hear certain things about his life: that all his parents’ friends are Bengali, that they had had an arranged marriage, that his mother cooks Indian food every day, that she wears saris and a bindi. .. ’But you’re so different; i never would have thought that’. He is not insulted, but he is aware a line has been drawn all the same†. To be a part of Maxine’s life, Gogol realises that he has to live her way of life; the American way. This compromise of identity led to even more confusion on Gogol’s behalf and in the end, as he starts to embrace his heritage, he rejects Maxine and her life. This shows how one’s perceptions of identity are crucial in determining and maintaining relationships with others. The need for conformity in the society of ‘The Lost Thing’ in order to gain acceptance is shown by Shaun Tan. As the boy takes the lost thing around town, it is taken to the boy’s home. There, it takes up a huge amount of space and is impossible to ignore, however the parents of the boy do not even glance at it. Another instance where this lack of acknowledgement is shown is when the lost thing stands in line of banal, grey citizens. The lost thing clearly stands out as it is big, red and round, but no one notices it. Tan uses this confining imagery as a way to effectively convey the segregation between society and the lost thing. The lost thing is unable to integrate itself into the society as it is both unable to conform to the dull criterion of the society and unable to gain acknowledgment of its presence. The shunned lost thing finds no admission into this society where the citizens do not dare stray from their quotidian routine for fear of exclusion. There is a place in this society that odds things are taken o: â€Å"The Federal Department of Odds and Ends† with the motto â€Å"sweepus underum carpatae†. At the end of the book, the lost thing does not find its home but it does find a place where its individuality is accepted. The boy even goes as far as saying â€Å"I mean, I can’t say that the thing actually belonged in the place where it ended up. In fact, none of the things there really belonged. They all seemed happy enough though, so maybe that didn’t matter . † Consequently, what is shown here is that social interaction is needed, no matter what form of interaction, to gain a feeling of acceptance. Ultimately, social interaction is inherent in all aspects of belonging. It is the basis of all relationships and also a factor for one’s self perception of identity. This complex process is vital for one’s mental and physical health as it challenges the barriers in place that one automatically establishes in a new setting. The ‘Namesake’ by Jhumpa Lahiri and ‘The Lost Thing’ by Shaun Tan explore the ways in which social interaction can affect relationships and identity which in turn affect one’s perceptions of belonging.

Production Planning and Quality Management

Production Planning and Quality Management Free Online Research Papers An ERP system is a software package that attempts to integrate all data and processes of a company into one unified system. A typical system will use multiple components of hardware and software to achieve its goal. An MRP system is a software based planning and inventory control system that is used to manage certain manufacturing processes. An MRP should ensure proper amounts of materials and products are available, keep inventory as low as possible and plan manufacturing and purchasing activities and delivery schedules. Manychip should go with a MRP utility because their short term contracts, land the rapidly changing IT environment lends itself to low levels of in-stock products. The chips they make change rapidly and keeping large amounts of stock would no be feasible. Though MRP is an inflexible system some of it’s disadvantages will work at Manychip. The advantages of an ERP System are many and the one that stands out the most is its ease of use. This is a very user friendly type of system that requires minimum training to gain maximum efficiency from the software. An ERP system also introduces: Business best practices which helps provide greater control and standardized the way businesses perform their day to day processes, Ready-made solutions for the most common problems and Enterprise wide information sharing so everyone can see the same information from any computer in the company. Another thing that makes an ERP system so great is the fact that its made to be used â€Å"right out of the box† requiring only minor customization to fit a company’s particular requirements. Also, companies only have to enter information once into their database for all departments to be able to access what they need. This actually leads into another advantage of the ERP system and that is time reduction for task completion. Since all departments now have computerized access to information and are able to retrieve it quickly they are able to improve their times for decision-making. This all leads to the final advantage of the ERP system and that is increased customer satisfaction. The paper-based system often caused delays, lost orders and errors in processing due to so many hands being â€Å"in the cookie jar.† An ERP system, allows for quick movement of orders through each department with no in-basket to hold up the order. Even with all of it’s advantages, an ERP system does have it’s disadvantages such as the length of time it takes to implement the program, six months to 3 years in some instances. There are also major cost associated with this new system. The software and implementation phase can cost from $400,000 to $300 million with the average cost being $15 million. After this a company will be hit with costs ranging from training and customization, testing and implementation to data conversion and analysis. In the end the benefits will greatly outweigh the costs but, until then there will be a considerable bill for training and implementation. One advantage of an MRP system is its ability to keep inventory under control. This is good because lower levels of in-stock products mean that the company isn’t incurring charges for it to be stored. The biggest disadvantage to an MRP system is the integrity of the data. If there are any errors in the system your production schedule and output will be wrong. Another problem that many companies have with an MRP is the fact that the user must specify how long it will take to produce a product and it assumes that this lead time will be the same for every product, every time it is made and will not automatically change if the quantity changes. Finally, the other major problem with MRP is that it can and will give results that are very much impossible to implement however, MRP II takes care of most of this problem because it integrates the financials into its database. E-Z MRP was on my candidate list but, I discarded it because it was for very small businesses and it’s capabilities did not fit in with Manychip. Another package I really considered for a while was Sage Pro. It had everything that Manychip needed but, it was more of an ERP system than a MRP system. However, Merlin MRP Factory is geared for the IT manufacturing industry. This program is a new generation of software that manages ever level of your resource planning. The heart of this MRP is its ability to rapidly calculate shortages for all or just a selection of your production jobs. Merlin also allows the user to see all of their scheduled shop floor jobs, activites and work-station analysis at a glance with a simple color coding system. This color system also gives you the ability to quickly see jobs that are due and/or late. Merlin is fully customizable to fit any company’s exact needs with two programs that can be set-up on-site with installation and training done on premises. This means that when Merlin is handed over to you it is fully up and running with a well trained staff ready to take the reigns. Bolt-ons, ERP/SOA Resource Center. 06-18-2006. army.mil/ESCC/erp/bolt.htm. Retrieved 06-06-2007. ERPortal. Erp Advantages. bus.ucf.edu/awu/erp/pros.htm. Retrieved 06-06-2007. ERP. Enterprise Recourse Planning. March 25, 2003. http://people.clarkson.edu/~walczukj/ERP2.html#coursework. Retrieved 06-06-2007. INFOR, Focus on Essentials. Material Requirements Planning (MRP). 2007. lillysoftware.com/software_solution/manufacturing/material_requirement_planning_MRP.asp. Retrieved 06-06-2007. Merlin MRP Software for Manufacturing Plants and Job Shops. merlin-mrp-software.co.uk/. Retrieved 06-06-2007. Research Papers on Production Planning and Quality ManagementOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasStandardized TestingMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Notes of business mathematics Essays

Notes of business mathematics Essays Notes of business mathematics Essay Notes of business mathematics Essay Mr.. Shave Sings Kansas 1 . The product of 2 numbers is 60 and their arithmetic mean in 8, find the numbers. 2. The monthly salary of a persona was RSI. 320 for each of the first three years. He next got annul increment of RSI. 40 per month for each of the following successive 12 years. His salary remained stationary till retirement when he found that his average monthly salary during the service period was RSI. 698. Find the period of his service. 3. Divide 36 into 6 parts in A. P such that the sum of their squares in RSI. 286. 4. A man saved RSI. 20,000 in 16 years. In each year after the first he saved RSI. 0 move that he did in the preceding year. How much did he save in the next year? 5. The some of three numbers in G. P in 70. If the extremes be multiplied each by 4 and the mean by 5 the products are in A. P find the numbers. 6. Three numbers whose sum is 18 are in A. P if 2, 1 are added to then respectively the resulting numbers are in G. P determine the numbers. Solve the equ ations. 7. 8. EX.-XX+100=o for example 9. XX-xx=1 11 . XX+2=12-XX 12. A fathers age is four times that of his son before 8 years the fathers age was sixteen times that of the son. Find fathers age. 13. A positive number is such that two third of its square equal 7 times the number. Find the number. 14. The sum of a denominator and numerator a fraction is 12. The fraction becomes equal to if 1 is subtracted from both denominator and numerator. Find the fraction? 15. Total price of 16 Keg. Wheat and 6 Keg. Rice is Rig the total price of 24 Keg. Rice is RSI. 52. 50 find the rate per Keg. Of wheat and rice. 16. A man sells 7 horses and 8 course at RSI. 2940 and 5 horses and scows at RSI. 21 50 what is the selling price of each? 7. There are only fifty paisa and twenty five paisa coins in a box. If the no. Of coins is 21 and their value is RSI. 6. Find the no. Of each type of coins matrix. 18. A manufacturer three terms P, Q R and sells them is two markets I II annual sales are given below. 2000 3000 the total revenue of each market using matrix. 19. Find A-I 20. Let A 21. Let A 22. A sales man has the following record of sales during three weeks for the three items X,Y Z which have different rate of commission. Weeks Unit sold Total Commission x z 2 3 50 20 10 270 450 260 23. One unit of commodity A is produced by combining 1 unit of land, 2 units of labor and 5 units of capital. One unit of B is produced by 2 unit of lard, 3 units of labor and 1 unit of capital, one unit of C is produced by 3 units of land, 1 unit of labor and 2 units of capital. If the price of C are RSI. 27, RSI. 16 Rs. 19 respectively find the rent R, wage W,7 rate of interest. Percentage 24. A businessman donated 3% of his income and spends 90% of his income on his family if a balance RSI. 1750 is with him find out his income. 25. A man has certain sum of money. He gang 20% of it to his eldest son 30% of the remaining to his youngest son and 10% of remaining term poor boys in a school. Still he has RSI. 100 and 50 paisa with him. Find the total sum? 26. A person saves 3/5 of what he spends from his income. Find out how much percentage of income does he saves. 27. When sales tax increased from 2% to 4 h%. A customer paid RSI. 63. 72 more then that of previous purchase. What is the cost price of that material? 28. There are 10 seats in a bus. In how many ways can four passengers acquire the 10 seats. 29. Find the value of r if pr =42. 0. A student decides to spare half an hour for each subject. If he has to study five present worth and true discount on a bill of RSI. 38 due 2 years hence at 4% compound interest compounded annually. 32. A farmer borrowed RSI. 4800 for his sons marriage and repaid the can after 3 years. If simple intent at the rate of 6 was charged. What additional amount had he to pay. 33. Purport borrowed RSI. 8000 10 years at compound interest and the rate of interest were 3% P. A for the first 3 years. 5% for the next four years and 6% for the rest 3 years. Calculate compound interest. 4. In what time a sum of money doubles it at 7 h% compound interest per annum? 35. A loan of RSI. 1000 is to be paid in 5 equal installments interest being at 6% per annum. Compounded annually and first payment being made after a year. What will be the interest per year? Verify your result also. Find DAY/DXL 37. Y 38. (213-21) 39. Y=xx (213+1) 40. Y?+, then show that 41 . XX+Y = sax 42. 43. 44. If xrexes-y Phone that 45. Y 46. In a certain examination 75% pars is group A 82% in group B and 15% fail in both the groups. Find out what percent are pass is examination. 47. A survey reports that 80% of the populations read magazine M. And 55% are males find the least possible percentage of males reading M and females reading M. 48. Define a set and give examples to illustrate the difference between collections a set. What are different ways to specify a set. Give examples. 49. Define relation on a set. What do you mean by the domain and range of a relation give examples. 50. Define reflexive, symmetric and transitive relation. Give example of each. 51 . A market research team interviews 160 students asking each of them whether are reads any or all of the gained: A, India today; B, business India; c, today. The team returns the following data. Category Number Category c AC BBC Are the returns consistent?